News, Reviews & Commentary on Gay and Bisexual Men in Entertainment and the Media

LyleMasaki

by LyleMasaki

Perry Moore asks, "Who cares about the death of a gay superhero anyway?"

In 1999, the Women in Refrigerators list (also known as "WiR") spurred discussion in superhero comic fandom about the treatment of female characters. Assembled by a group of fans that included Gail Simone — who'd later go on to write superhero comics herself — the list drew reactions from superhero writers and artists and had a lasting effect on readers. The term "Women in Refrigerators" has taken meaning outside of comics as well, like when Television without Pity editors used the term to criticize one season of CSI.

Perry Moore, the author of Hero, takes a similar look at the treatment of gay characters in superhero comics with "Who cares about the death of a gay superhero anyway?", a list of over 70 lesbian and gay characters that was inspired by the 2005 death of Northstar.

Moore notes, "Yes, bad things do happen to all people, gay people included. But are there positive representations of gay characters to counterbalance these negative ones? Who cares about the death of a gay superhero anyway?"

Moore also takes a "by the numbers" approach to gay characters in superhero comics. Here are a few highlights:

  • 65 The number of “Ultimate X-Men” issues it took for the hero Colossus finally to come out of the closet, thus alienating teammate Nightcrawler.
  • Ages 4-10 The age-correlated sizes in which Wolverine Deluxe Child Costume is available for children for Halloween. Available with muscle torso, jumpsuit, boots, mask, and pair of claws. Northstar costume not available for impaling.
  • ZERO. Number of straight X-Men that the most popular X-Man, Wolverine, has killed.
  • ONE. Number of gay X-Men that the most popular X-Man, Wolverine, has killed:
  • ZERO. Number of boyfriends Northstar has had since his coming out in 1992.
  • TWO. Number of times Apollo has been the victim of male bondage and rape.

I'm definitely curious to what trends others see in the list Moore has assembled. For our superhero comic readers, I'm also curious to hear your overall perspective on what it's like to be a gay comics fan and how you react to (positive and negative) developments with gay characters.

Do you feel accepted by the major publishers as a part of the superhero audience? Do you watch for z-list characters who are gay or find hints at minor characters' orientation? When you see a positive development, do you worry that it will be undone?

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  • frpeneaud's picture

    I find Perry Moore's list to

    I find Perry Moore's list to be disingenuous.

    Comparing what happened to Northstar to what happened to Phat or Hooded Justice is dishonest toward the writers: Phat was killed, yes, but so were ALL his teammates. And Peter Milligan did write a very good storyline regarding his gay characters in X-Force.
    As for Hooded Justice, his treatment by Alan Moore showed him to be one of the very few morally upstanding characters in Watchmen.

    Jarvis was killed, but so was Hawkeye's family. That said, Jarvis was such a stupid and offensive character that Mark Millar should be taken to task for writing him, not killing him.

    Oh, and Chain in Astro City: his partner was treated with as much dignity as any other straight partners of the characters killed in that storyline. I do wish there were some other gay characters in Astro City, though. It's a pity that hasn't been done in such a good comic.

    Renée Montoya... I haven't read what has been done with her after the end of Gotham Central, but it was great there, to see more than one lesbian character, and she was very well written. If I'm not mistaken, Rucka has expressed his disagreement with how things have been done by DC recently.

    I quite liked the Rawhide Kid mini-series, too. I guess I'm in the minority. I think it was funny, the Kid was a very good guy with a lot of humor about himself, and he became a role model to the young boy who had a problem with his father. That's something one sees rarely in a mainstream comic.

    Jetman! God, did Perry Moore read the same comics I did? He was blackmailed, yes, but that didn't work, and the whole Top Ten series ended with a scene showing him and his lover of 50 years. And then, the whole Top Ten: The 49'ers graphic novel revolved around the beginning of Jetman and his lover's relationship in 1949. Baaaaad treatment, obviously. But then, it was written by Alan Moore...

    Starman III was an interesting character. James Robinson showed him as far more than what Perry Moore indicates, and gave him a hero's life at the end of the series. That, and he was shown in tender scenes (not enough, yeah) with his black lover (a blue alien and a black guy, that was new, too).

    So, as much as I'm disappointed by the treatment of queer characters in mainstream, superhero comics (not that I'm expecting anything better, except from a few writers who do want to include good, not straight characters), I have to say Perry Moore's list is deeply flawed, in my opinion.

    And just to add something else: Perry Moore is also wrong in the count of gay/lesbian characters in the Superman/Batman cartoons. Maggie Sawyer was a lesbian, we saw her lover at one point, in the Superman cartoons. It was never explicitely stated, but it was clear to any thinking viewer.

    François
    ---------------
    http://gaycomicslist.free.fr

    Cylon's picture

    Renée Montoya... I haven't

    Renée Montoya... I haven't read what has been done with her after the end of Gotham Central, but it was great there, to see more than one lesbian character, and she was very well written. If I'm not mistaken, Rucka has expressed his disagreement with how things have been done by DC recently

    François Peneaud, it was Rucka who wrote Renee's storyline in the weekly miniseries 52 where she became the Question. What are you referring to?

    frpeneaud's picture

    it was Rucka who

    it was Rucka who wrote Renee's storyline in the weekly miniseries 52 where she became the Question. What are you referring to?

    I'm referring to what Rucka said about the use of Montoya in Countdown in his journal: http://ruckawriter.livejournal.com/12272.html

    By the way, there's a superhero novel with gay characters which I've found entertaining, The Superhero's Closet, by H. Andrew Lynch.
    http://superheroaction.com/ 
    I haven't read Perry Moore's book yet.

    François
    ---------------
    http://gaycomicslist.free.fr

    Dwiz's picture

    My dying fandom

    I will only say that in general, I get the feeling that large comic companies rarely incorporate GLBT characters and when they do, it's usually a promotional event or tie-in that vanishes at some point in the near future.

    Every time I hear of a gay character, I'm instantly thinking, "How long is this one going to last!" Those characters are in an alternate universe or end up thrown to the side somehow eventually.

    ex: Does anyone know what happened to BATWOMAN? I remember seeing all this hype about her last year and how the character was being resurrected as a lesbian. She was everywhere for it too: newsapers, TV, magazines all ran this story. Now I walk into the comic shop and don't see her anywhere? I see Batman everywhere, Nightwing, Robin, and even Batgirl! What happened to Batwoman?!

    Of course, Marvel and DC are guilty of "relaunching" their whole comic universes every 5 or so years. There's always some cataclysm that wipes out everything that's been happening and it all starts over again... BRAND NEW! This is one of the reasons that I my passion for "main stream" (Marvel and DC) comics has pretty much died.

    The only book I have been reading is the MIDNIGHTER solo book (published by Wild Storm which is an imprint of DC Comics). So far, I'm pretty happy with what's happened, but will be honest and say that I want MORE: More complexity and character development, and not just action. I realize that Midnighter isn't really the kind of character to get all emotional and deep about his feelings, but he's got a human side... and it's there somewhere! I just want to see it from time to time! But I'm doing my best and it's still in it's early stages and pretty good, so I'm gonna support it and hope for the best.

    ... and OF COURSE I want to see more out LGBT characters in the spotlight or in their own books!!

    LyleMasaki's picture

    Batwoman

    Over at AfterEllen, it was noted that the Batwoman comic has been quietly shelved.

    Too bad, I was looking forward seeing a lesbian character starring in a book by an out female bisexual writer. (Devin Greyson, BTW, is a fabulous person.)

    I hear you with feeling jaded to all the relaunches and big events. The big plot points come so often, they don't feel very dramatic to me, anymore.
    Jacob's picture

    Are Comics Good?

    Frankly, I think it's a bit silly to be looking at mainstream super-hero comics and hoping to find diverse and thoughtful story lines with quality characterizations and writing. The big colorful mainstream superheros are fun stories, and in the right hands can tel stories of excellent quality, but between the editors and the continuity they try to preserve (but mostly royally mangle), the stereotypical demographic mainstream comics are marketed to, and the inherent limitations that mainstream comics by their very nature impose upon themselves severely limits any kind of originality and change.

    To be sure, queer characters in comics are few and far between, and frequently mistreated, but as other readers have pointed out, the point of superheros and their brethren is to suffer and overcome. Since the main characters of all comics have been defined and labeled, in some cases for nearly a century, there isn't a great deal of room to add more characters or revamp existing ones in any way that really alters the status quo. At their most basic level, mainstream comics have not changed overly much since the first Superman adventures were released. Those characters like Batman and the Fantastic Four are not dynamic and never well be, they only have room for real challenging innovation on the side-lines, and frankly most comic book writers are simply not up to the task of taking a 70-year -old property and doing anything other than conforming to the pre-established forms of the medium.

    And it's not just women and queer characters who suffer because of this, basically anyone who isn't a white male suffers from it. Even Gail Simone, who wrote Birds of Prey (a series that focuses on a group of female superheroes) wrote about a solely caucasian group of adventurers. The problem of mainstream comics is that there is only so much than can be done with them, especially considering all the barriers in the path of original writing. It's a problem that's simply indicative of what all mainstream media suffers from.

    This isn't in any way meant to justify the position of queer characters in mainstream comics, but what Perry Moore is doing seems to be empty posturing based more on his indignation as a gay man rather than an understanding of comic books and their editorial continuities. What's more, change is happening, albeit slowly, but it is happening. Frankly, I think that presenting the information the way he does is not just disingenuous as François Peneaud said, it's also counter-productive.

    Lastly, I've read Hero, and I have to say, I was distinctly unimpressed. Moore is not a strong writer and the narrative of the story feels decidedly jerky. The plot is unimaginative, and the focus of the story is laughably similar to the way gay characters are treated in mainstream comics, in that the entire focus of the story cannot seem to get away from the fact that it's a insertion of a homosexuality into the superhero storytelling device. It feels no different than a mainstream comic saying "look we have a gay character and that's important because gay people are people too!" His book just alters the message to say "look we have a gay boy who is a superhero because there should be a gay superhero!" Thom Creed isn't a character, he's a plot device, and the book cannot get away from that fact. Moore spends so much time having the story pat itself on the back and slapping the reader in the face with with its message so much that I nearly put it down to stop reading it. The irony of Moore lambasting the state of queers in mainstream comics and then proceeding to to tell a story that follows nearly the exact same model of storytelling that those comics use to introduce a gay character almost bowled me over.

    All the same, I owe Moore a debt of gratitude. Now I know what to what to watch out for while I work on my book about a young gay man in a fantasy setting.

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    JBE's picture

    Wow

    Jacob I am impressed by your analysis.  I have not read comics since I was about 11 (I moved on to The Hardy Boys at that time, I still read them!) but you managed to apply intellectual rigour usually only seen in University level essays!  Keep up the good work (and I love your picture, very original).

    Cheers

    JBE

    Cylon's picture

    While there are legitimate

    While there are legitimate problems with how gays are portrayed in comics (mostly with how little there are), a lot of the stuff he mentions is pathetic and taken out of context. I'm sorry, but it's embarassing.

    Example: Renee Montyoa becoming the new Question is homophobic? Wha?? How much of the stuff he talks about here has he actually read, I wonder?

    And AGAIN with the Heroes-bashing!! Both times the writers wanted to have a gay character, they were forced to change their plans when the person playing the character had to leave the show. It's not their fault, for chrissakes!

    Evan's picture

    Right on Perry

    Perry keep saying what you are saying.  Some guys don't have the balls to challenge the status quo.  Gay comic characters undoubtly are treated with malice and disrepect.
    Jacob's picture

    If you're interested in a

    If you're interested in a comprehensive list of queer characters in mainstream comics, check out this website:

    http://www.gayleague.com/gay/characters/index.php

    Also, saying that gay comic characters are undoubtedly treated with disrespect basically shows that you're being disrespectful of the discourse because you know nothing about the medium, except the misinformation that Moore is spreading. Cylon put it best about Moore's list, "a lot of the stuff he mentions is pathetic and taken out of context." He's taking offense to things that are the basics of what comic book characters go through. At this point I don't even think Moore is really a fan of comics, more like he read some X-men comics as a kid and now that he has some money and influence he's created an agenda based on his limited understanding of the medium as a whole. If Moore wants to actually effect change in how comics treat queer identity and non-heteronormative sexuality he'd benefit from taking a much more educated position that focused on positive progress in addition to all the negativity he insists on displaying.

    LyleMasaki's picture

    Okay

    Also, saying that gay comic characters are undoubtedly treated with disrespect basically shows that you're being disrespectful of the discourse because you know nothing about the medium, except the misinformation that Moore is spreading.

    Do you really mean to say that anyone who may disagree with your interpretation of events could only do so through ignorance? That is what it sounds like you just said there.

    I am very familiar with the Gay League (in fact, I remember when it was first announced on the rac* newsgroups, spurring the eventual "Why would gays need a separate website to discuss comics?" responses) and its list of gay characters are an excellent resource. However, it is made with a different perspective, with different goals and guidelines. (The Gay League list is also a group effort.) Both are bits of pop culture activism that take different tactics. I find both valid and potentially effective tactics, even if I don't agree 100% with every detail.

    For the most part, I'm standing back and watching the discussion, but in some ways I feel like I'm reading one of many WiR discussions I've seen over the years, only with the details changed.
    Jacob's picture

    Nope

    I didn't say that anyone who disagrees with my opinion does so from a position of ignorance, but saying that gay comic characters are treated with disrespect and abused is a blanket statement that accuses a large number of comic creators. Since blanket statements are typically wrong in any event, it's safe to assume that this one is wrong as well. What's more, it practically accuses any comic creator who has introduced a gay character of mishandling the character to such an extent that it could be viewed as a homophobic interpretation, or so it seems to me by saying that all queer characters are disrespected. Saying something like that cannot only be inherently incorrect, I think it'd be safe to assume the statement comes from a limited exposure to comics because the person who said it is actually unaware of any instances where a gay character is treated with respect, or at the very least attempted to be handled with respect by a writer even if another writer comes along and ruins that, as happens with many other properties in the comics sphere. So yes I would argue this position stems from ignorance and no that is not a typical response from me when engaged in debate over a subject.
    Evan's picture

    We Need a Hero

    Because of couple things on the list you don't like we should just let things go.  No.  Overall gay comic characters are treated with malice and disrespect and that needs to be addressed.
    Cylon's picture

    A large chunk of the things

    A large chunk of the things are taken out of context. He can't even get his characters right (there are two DC characters named Ice; the one he's talking about is the straight one. If he actually read the comics he was criticisizing, he would know this).

    It's embarrassing.

    Jacob's picture

    Why are words being put in my mouth?

    Why are words being put in my mouth that I did not say? Nowhere did I say that because of my criticisms there is not a problem with queer characters in comics, and nowhere did I say that we should ignore the problem of queer characters in comics. Or let go, to use your words. I'm simply saying that Moore is doing a disservice by spreading misinformation and damaging the strength of the debate with incomplete knowledge. I feel that when attempting to bring about change through discourse it is important to preserve the integrity of the argument by not succumbing to propaganda or acting with incomplete knowledge of the subject. 
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    Evan's picture

    Time for Results

    In your first post on this subject you basically said what are you going to do, they are mainstream comics, they have a preexisting group they have to serve.  Mainstream comics can introduce respectable gay superheroes.  Storm was introduce in the 70's as one of the few black female superheroes.  She has been nurtured by the comic creators along the way.  She is now one of the most popular characters in all of comics.  That can happen with a gay character too.

    I agree integrity matters.  It's 2007, gay comic characters are still treated with malice and disrespect.  It's time for results.

    LyleMasaki's picture

    Sadly, Storm...

    was a lucky character who was handled by the same writer, one who tried hard to be inclusive, for well over a decade. One of the trends I see in the WiR list is that the female characters who found some popularity, shined under one particular writer and became a mess under following writers until she's viewed as unusable except as cannon fodder. Storm was nurtured into a point of prominence, but the majority of that nurturing can be credited to Chris Claremont. (That said, I think Storm invokes the same kind of protective instinct in her fans that Northstar does -- her marriage to the Black Panther brought up a lot of frustration -- because if she became less iconic, there wouldn't be any other character to take that role.)

    Which isn't to say that the kind of inclusiveness shouldn't be a goal, just that the character made it past odds heavily stacked against her. Those odds are worse now, thanks to a direct market that's pretty hostile to new, unproven concepts and marketing departments that spend the most on stuff that will sell well without any marketing support.
    luminum's picture

    I too find Moore's list to

    I too find Moore's list to be disingenuous. There are several gay characters in Marvel's line that are treated with great respect. To name a few there are Wiccan and Hulkling, who have a large fan following and whose title "Young Avengers" was honored by GLAAD in 2006. Their relationship is respected by characters ranging from their teammates to Wolverine and the now deceased Captain America. Karolina Dean and Xavin in "Runaways", Anole in "New X-Men" are also part of the next generation of superheroes who identify as LGBT, also all treated with respect.

    Karma is no longer "obese and grotesque" as Moore writes (though strangely, she hasn't been since 1985, 20 years before Moore's list) and on top of it, her sexuality wasn't even hinted at until after 1996. So the argument of "anti-gay" bias makes no sense.

    Northstar was revived and rehabilitated, saving Rogue and her team in the most recent X-Men Annual.

    I feel that the majority of Moore's list is taken out of context and with a serious agenda that I do not recognize in the industry today or when Moore wrote his list. DC has been very supportive of LGBT characters, notably Katherine Kane and Obsidian. The truth behind those characters' creations and the support they received is completely counter to what Moore derives from his analysis.

    DC branch-offs like Windstorm have been pro-LGBT, like in the title "Ex Machina."

    Marvel has exhibited the same support of their LGBT characters from the higher ups. I don't see how any characters are being mistreated. The misfortunes that befell those characters are no different than the misfortunes that other heterosexual characters experienced. Electra was also supposedly a brainwashed zombie. Wolverine killed Northstar because he had also been brainwashed as a sleeper cell by HYDRA. Rogue is near dead. Cyclops, the heterosexual white male, may have just been killed off and if he isn't dead, he's still disrespected by the majority of the X-Men. Captain America is dead. Spider-Man is in hiding from the government. Iron Man's plans for government security are falling apart after the terrible prices he paid and Mr. Fantastic and Invisible Woman's marriage is in need of serious repair. In the context of everything that's happening to all the heroes in comics, gay or straight, what happens to gay superheroes seems like the same things that happen to everyone else in the business.  Face it, being killed off in a comic book title is a common tragedy that almost any popular character experiences.  The fact that they come back means that the comic industry still values them (see Colossus, Jean Grey, Electra, Magneto, Magik, Psylocke, Storm, etc. etc.)

    LyleMasaki's picture

    I've been meaning to return

    I've been meaning to return to add my reactions to Moore's list, I've written about this elsewhere but not here.

    I disagree with debating each individual character on the list, the point I take away from the list isn't that specific incidents were homophobic but (and this is also how I read the Women in Refrigerators list) a wider look at how gay characters are treated in the major publishers' superhero comics.

    The biggest trend I see in WiR is one I also see on Moore's list -- because comics are largely created and managed by the classic "boys' club" a truly positive gay is only a positive character under one (or, if lucky, two specific creators -- see my above comment about Storm). With superhero characters belonging to the publisher and not the creator, that's a frequent issue. I don't think it's a coincidence that the first insensitive moment with Young Avengers and Runaways came from a writer who doesn't typically handle either team... or that Obsidian pretty much disappeared once he was taken away from a writer like Marc Andreyko and put in JSA. There's a response to WiR titled "Dead Men Defrosting" that makes the point that, yes, the straight white male characters get killed and depowered, too, but they usually make a triumphant return to the status quo -- frequently unassisted -- the "boys' club" connects with those characters so you'll find plenty who care about them to make sure they come back one way or another. (DC practically made a side business out of teasing Hal Jordan fans before eventually giving them what they wanted.) On the other hand, there isn't the same urgency with characters belonging to underrepresented groups.

    The other major take I get from Moore's list is that there's still a lack of a major gay characters. Aside from Apollo & Midnighter, Sarah Rainmaker and Renee Montoya, I have a hard time thinking of gay characters I find to be prominent. (While Northstar is well known, he makes a frustrating few appearances.) Like in other media, most gay characters tend to get stuck in secondary roles.

    I used to defend the lack of diversity in superhero comics by pointing to the fact that the direct market is so hostile to new concepts, forcing superhero publishers to stick with the limited batch of supers it had for decades. My mind changed, however, after the success of Runaways (which, admittedly, was an example of Marvel succeeding entirely by accident). The market has expanded beyond the direct market and there's a template for making a successful title that steps out of the restrictive box of sticking with the big names of the 80s. Frustratingly, neither Marvel and DC have learned much from that success (at least with their superhero lines) instead sticking with the shrinking customer base that patronizes the direct market. There's a way to break that cycle, now. The frustrating part to me isn't that they're avoiding the right thing to do, but they're avoiding a path that makes business sense.
    ganymede30324's picture

    Lists are like statistics...

    in that they don't addreess specific cases. I don't fault comic writers for not writing characters they aren't comfortable writing, as they will invariably do a poor job. I personally like the treatment of Wiccan and Hulkling in Marvel, where they are interesting characters who happen to also be romantically involved, and Obsidian in DC, where his private life is adressed in Manhunter, but he also plays a role in JSA, where his private life (as well as much of the cast) is unimportant. A far cry from the usual depiction of gay males as angelic victims whom the major straight characters must fret over in order to show how empathetic they are. Spare me. I think any of those characters could sell in a book devoted to them, just as I always thought could Northstar, a super-speedster with light powers. How many Flash/Impulse books have there been that prove that the such powers work for a major character?

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